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<title>British Chileans</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">British Chileans</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Chilean people of British descent. For British people of Chilean descent, see <a href="Chileans_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chileans in the United Kingdom">Chileans in the United Kingdom</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">British Chileans<br><small><i>Chileno-Británico</i><br><i>Anglochileno</i></small></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">At least <b>1,000,000</b><sup id="cite_ref-Británicos,_1,000.000-1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Británicos,_1,000.000-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Británicos,_700.000-2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Británicos,_700.000-2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>, <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, <a href="Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>, <a href="Santiago%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a>, <a href="Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Spanish</a>. Minority speaks <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <a href="Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> and/or <a href="Scots_language" title="Scots language">Lowland Scots</a> as a first language.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (<a href="Anglican_Church_of_the_Southern_Cone_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, <a href="Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> et al.)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="British_people" title="British people">British people</a>, <a href="English_people" title="English people">English people</a>, <a href="Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish people</a>, <a href="Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a>, <a href="Ulster-Scots_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster-Scots people">Ulster-Scots people</a>, <a href="Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="British_Latin_American" title="British Latin American">British Latin Americans</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left">

<ul>

<li><a href="British_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="British Mexican">British Mexicans</a></li>

<li><a href="English_settlement_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="English settlement in Nicaragua">British Nicaraguans</a></li>

<li><a href="English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">British Paraguayans</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Peruvian">British Peruvians</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Uruguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="British Uruguayan">British Uruguayans</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Languages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left">

<ul><li><a href="Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Portuguese_language_in_the_Americas" title="Portuguese language in the Americas">Portuguese</a></li>

<li><a href="British_English" title="British English">English</a></li></ul></td>

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<p><b>British Chileans</b> are <a href="Chilean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean people">Chilean</a> residents with fully or partial <a href="Antecedent_(genealogy)" title="Antecedent (genealogy)">antecedents</a> from the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The British have been very important in the formation of the Chilean nation. They include Chileans of English, <a href="Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, <a href="Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a>, (Northern) <a href="Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and <a href="Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> ancestry. The numbers of Scottish and Welsh are higher in <a href="Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, in <a href="Ays%C3%A9n_Region" title="Aysén Region">Aysén</a> and <a href="Magallanes_y_la_Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region">Magallanes</a> regions. The highest percentage of British Chileans is found in <a href="Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a>, followed by <a href="Santiago%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a>, <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, <a href="Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a> and <a href="Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The main British communities in Chile, or <i>La Colonia Britanica</i>, were located in Valparaíso, Punta Arenas, and Concepción. A key moment in <a href="British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British immigration</a> to Chile occurred in 1811, when free trade was decreed, followed by laws in 1824 and 1845 encouraging immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Facing the Pacific Ocean, Chile had for many years an important British presence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 50,000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British <a href="Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">immigrants settled in Chile</a> from 1840 to 1914. A significant number of them settled in <a href="Magallanes_Province" title="Magallanes Province">Magallanes in Province</a>, especially the city of <a href="Punta_Arenas%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta Arenas, Chile">Punta Arenas</a> when it flourished as a major global seaport for ships crossing the Strait of Magellan from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Around 32,000 English settled in <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, influencing the port city to the extent of making it virtually a British colony during the last decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-galeon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galeon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the opening of the <a href="Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> in 1914 and the outbreak of the <a href="First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> drove many of them away from the city or back to Europe.

</p><p>In <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a> they created their largest and most important colony, bringing with them neighbourhoods of British character, schools, <a href="Social_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Social clubs">social clubs</a>, <a href="Sports_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports clubs">sports clubs</a>, <a href="Business_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Business organizations">business organizations</a> and <a href="Periodicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodicals">periodicals</a>. Even today their influence is apparent in specific areas, such as the banks and the navy, as well as in certain social activities, such as <a href="Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> (soccer), horse racing, and the custom of drinking tea.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During the war of independence (1818), it was mainly British privateers hired by the Chilean Government who contributed to the creation of the <a href="Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a>, under the command of <a href="Thomas_Cochrane%2C_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Lord Cochrane</a>.

</p><p>Investment from Britain contributed to Chile's prosperity, and British seamen helped the Chilean navy become a force in the South Pacific. Chile won two wars, the first against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and the second, the <a href="War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a>, in 1878-79, against an alliance between <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>. The liberal-socialist "Revolution of 1891" introduced political reforms modelled on British parliamentary practice and lawmaking.

</p><p>British immigrants were also important in the northern zone of the country during the saltpetre boom, in the ports of <a href="Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a> and <a href="Pisagua%2C_Chile" title="Pisagua, Chile">Pisagua</a>. The <i>King of Saltpetre</i>, <a href="John_Thomas_North" title="John Thomas North">John Thomas North</a>, was the principal tycoon of nitrate mining. Britain's legacy is reflected in the streets of the historic district of the city of Iquique, with the foundation of various institutions, such as the <a href="Club_Hipico_de_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Hipico de Santiago">Club Hípico</a> (Racing Club). Nevertheless, active British presence came to an end with the saltpetre crisis of the 1930s.

The most important newspaper of the British community in Valparaíso during the 19th century was <i>The Chilean Times</i>. During the first half of the 20th century, the most influential medium was <i>The South Pacific Mail (1909-1965)</i>, which circulated throughout the west coast of South America.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A contingent of British (principally Scottish and Irish) immigrants arrived between 1914 and 1950, settling in the present-day region of <a href="Magallanes_y_la_Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region">Magallanes</a>. British families were established in other areas of the country, such as <a href="Santiago%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a>, <a href="Coquimbo" title="Coquimbo">Coquimbo</a>, the <a href="Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía</a>, and <a href="Chilo%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiloé">Chiloé</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_and_technological_legacy">Cultural and technological legacy</h2></div>

<p>The cultural legacy of the British in Chile is notable and has spread beyond the British Chilean community onto society at large. One custom taken from the British is <a href="Afternoon_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Afternoon tea">afternoon tea</a>, called "onces" by Chileans. Another interesting, although peculiar, legacy is the sheer amount of use of British first surname by Chileans.<sup id="cite_ref-british_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>British technology in mining, railway, maritime infrastructure, and other industrial applications predominated in Chile in the latter half of the 19th century, continuing through the 1930s. Manuel A. Fernández's book, "Technology and British Nitrate Enterprises in Chile, 1880-1914" (Issue 34 of Occasional Papers- Institute of Latin American Studies Glasgow University, ISSN 0305-8646) details some of the British technology contributions to the development of the Chilean mining industry. Similar benefits were seen in the railway and meat-processing industries. Many of the British engineers and technicians, who came to Chile to support British equipment, remained in the country. Even Chile's modern system of lighthouses was largely the result of British expertise and technology: towards the end of the 19th century, Scottish engineer George Slight designed and constructed 70 lighthouses, most of which are still in operation.

</p><p>Chile currently has the largest population who can claim to be descendants of the British in Latin America. Over 1,000,000 Chileans may have British (English, <a href="Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> and <a href="Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a>) or Irish origin, amounting to about 6,5% of Chile's population. Many speak unaccented English at home. There are many schools in Chile that are <a href="Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">bilingual</a>, offering a British curriculum in English and the standard Chilean curriculum in Spanish, and throughout the 20th century <a href="English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">English language learning and teaching</a> in state schools and private institutions with British curriculum is invariably geared towards the <a href="Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Patricio_Aylwin" title="Patricio Aylwin">Patricio Aylwin</a>, President of Chile</li>

<li><a href="Juan_Williams_Rebolledo" title="Juan Williams Rebolledo">Juan Williams Rebolledo</a>, Chilean Navy Admiral</li>

<li><a href="Ben_Brereton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Brereton">Ben Brereton</a>, English-Chilean professional footballer</li>

<li><a href="Claudio_Arrau" title="Claudio Arrau">Claudio Arrau</a>, pianist (family Darroch)</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Condell" title="Carlos Condell">Carlos Condell</a>, Navy Rear Admiral</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo" title="Carlos Ibáñez del Campo">Carlos Ibáñez del Campo</a>, President (family Evans)</li>

<li><a href="William_Beausire" title="William Beausire">William Beausire</a>, stockbroker and disappeared prisoner during the military dictatorship</li>

<li><a href="Juan_Pablo_Bennett" title="Juan Pablo Bennett">Juan Pablo Bennett</a>, Army General</li>

<li><a href="Alberto_Blest_Gana" title="Alberto Blest Gana">Alberto Blest Gana</a>, writer and diplomat</li>

<li><a href="Claudio_Bunster" title="Claudio Bunster">Claudio Bunster Weitzman</a>, scientist</li>

<li><a href="Ricardo_J._Caballero" title="Ricardo J. Caballero">Ricardo J. Caballero</a>, Macroeconomist</li>

<li><a href="Ian_Campbell_(rugby_union)" title="Ian Campbell (rugby union)">Ian Campbell</a>, rugby union player</li>

<li><a href="Julio_Canessa" title="Julio Canessa">Julio Canessa Roberts</a>, Army General and politician</li>

<li><a href="Andr%C3%A9s_Chadwick_Pi%C3%B1era" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrés Chadwick Piñera">Andrés Chadwick Piñera</a>, politician</li>

<li><a href="Marta_Colvin" title="Marta Colvin">Marta Colvin</a>, sculptor</li>

<li><a href="Enrique_Cood" title="Enrique Cood">Enrique Cood Ross</a>, politician and diplomat</li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Cochrane%2C_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald</a>, Navy Vice Admiral</li>

<li><a href="Alejandra_Chellew" title="Alejandra Chellew">Alejandra Chellew</a>, businesswoman</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Condell" title="Carlos Condell">Carlos Condell</a>, Navy Captain and hero of the War of the Pacific</li>

<li><a href="Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_Cox" title="Francisco José Cox">Francisco José Cox</a>, Catholic Bishop</li>

<li><a href="William_Cunningham_Blest" title="William Cunningham Blest">William Cunningham Blest</a>, doctor</li>

<li><a href="Agust%C3%ADn_Edwards_Eastman" title="Agustín Edwards Eastman">Agustín Edwards Eastman</a>, businessman and owner of the <a href="El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">El Mercurio</a> newspaper</li>

<li><a href="Agust%C3%ADn_Edwards_Mac_Clure" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustín Edwards Mac Clure">Agustín Edwards Mac Clure</a>, businessman, politician and diplomat</li>

<li><a href="Alejandro_Foxley" title="Alejandro Foxley">Alejandro Foxley</a>, academic and politician</li>

<li><a href="Laurence_Golborne" title="Laurence Golborne">Laurence Golborne</a>, Minister</li>

<li><a href="Marmaduke_Grove" title="Marmaduke Grove">Marmaduke Grove</a>, Air Force officer and politician, founder of the Socialist Party of Chile</li>

<li><a href="Luis_Eduardo_Hicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Eduardo Hicks">Luis Eduardo Hicks</a>, Footballer</li>

<li><a href="Adolfo_Holley" title="Adolfo Holley">Adolfo Holley</a>, Army General</li>

<li><a href="Francisco_Hudson" title="Francisco Hudson">Francisco Hudson</a>, Navy officer and hydrographer</li>

<li><a href="Pablo_Huneeus" title="Pablo Huneeus">Pablo Huneeus</a>, writer</li>

<li><a href="Stewart_Iglehart" title="Stewart Iglehart">Stewart Iglehart</a>, rancher, ice hockey and polo player</li>

<li><a href="Gustavo_Leigh" title="Gustavo Leigh">Gustavo Leigh Guzman</a>, Air Force General and member of the Government Junta of 1973</li>

<li><a href="Bernardo_Leighton" title="Bernardo Leighton">Bernardo Leighton</a>, politician</li>

<li><a href="Arturo_Longton_(television_personality)" title="Arturo Longton (television personality)">Arturo Longton</a>, Actor and TV Personality</li>

<li><a href="Sergio_Livingstone" title="Sergio Livingstone">Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer</a>, football player and TV sports commentator</li>

<li><a href="Harold_Mayne-Nicholls" title="Harold Mayne-Nicholls">Harold Mayne-Nicholls</a>, journalist, FIFA official and former President of the National Professional Football Association and the Chilean Football Federation</li>

<li><a href="Ana_Reeves" title="Ana Reeves">Ana Reeves</a>, actress</li>

<li><a href="Agust%C3%ADn_Ross" title="Agustín Ross">Agustín Ross</a>, politician, diplomat and banker</li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Ross" title="Carlos Ross">Carlos Ross</a>, footballer</li>

<li><a href="Edmundo_Searle" title="Edmundo Searle">Edmundo Searle</a>, cartoonist</li>

<li><a href="Felipe_Seymour" title="Felipe Seymour">Felipe Seymour</a>, footballer</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Souper" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Souper">Robert Souper Howard</a>, Army officer</li>

<li><a href="Mar%C3%ADa_Elena_Swett" title="María Elena Swett">María Elena Swett</a>, actress</li>

<li><a href="Sussan_Taunton" title="Sussan Taunton">Sussan Taunton Thomas</a>, actress</li>

<li><a href="Raimundo_Tupper" title="Raimundo Tupper">Raimundo Tupper</a>, footballer</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Winthrop_Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Winthrop Simpson">Robert Winthrop Simpson</a>, Navy officer</li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Witt" title="Alexander Witt">Alexander Bryan Witt</a>, filmmaker</li>

<li><a href="Andr%C3%A9s_Wood" title="Andrés Wood">Andrés Wood</a>, filmmaker</li>

<li><a href="Joan_Jara" title="Joan Jara">Joan Jara</a>, dancer, former wife (widow) to the Chilean poet and songwriter <a href="Victor_Jara" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Jara">Victor Jara</a></li>

<li><a href="Benjam%C3%ADn_Vicu%C3%B1a_Mackenna" title="Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna">Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna</a>, Chilean politician, writer, historian and naturalist, Mackenna surname of Irish origin.</li></ul>

<p>Also to note is that the Australian prime minister <a href="Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a> was born in Valparaíso of British/<a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="German-Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Chilean">German-Chilean</a> parentage. Isabel Allende's first husband, Michael Frias, is of significant British ancestry.

</p>

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<ul><li><a href="English_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="English Chilean">English Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Chilean">Scottish Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Chilean">Welsh Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Chilean">Irish Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Chile%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Chile–United Kingdom relations">Chile–United Kingdom relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Chileans_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Chileans in the Falkland Islands">Chileans in the Falkland Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Chileans_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chileans in the United Kingdom">Chileans in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite id="CITEREFOctavio_Álvarez2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Octavio Álvarez (3 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ovallehoy.cl/inglaterra-un-amigo-con-el-cual-hay-que-profundizar-las-relaciones/">"Inglaterra: Un amigo con el cual hay que profundizar las relaciones"</a>. <i>Diario Ovalle Hoy</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Británicos,_700.000-2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Británicos,_700.000-2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLía_Sandra_Tapia2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lía Sandra Tapia (27 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meer.com/es/16107-el-barrio-ingles-en-el-puerto-de-coquimbo">"El barrio inglés en el puerto de Coquimbo"</a>. <i>Revista Meer</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdmundson2009" class="citation book cs1">Edmundson, William (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu"><i>A History of the British Presence in Chile: From Bloody Mary to Charles Darwin and the Decline of British Influence</i></a></span>. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu/page/n115">103</a>-129. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780230114838</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623090223/http://arpa.ucv.cl/archivum6/historia%20regional,%20gran%20valpara%EDso/6.%20LA%20IGLESIA%20SAINT%20PAUL%B4S%20DE%20VALPARA%CDSO...M.PRAIN.pdf">Inmigrantes británicos.</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525085846/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html">"Noticias LA EMIGRACIÓN DE CHILENOS AL EXTERIOR E INMIGRACIÓN A CHILE"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html">the original</a> on 2017-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-galeon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-galeon_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822074242/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/">"Inmigración britanica en Chile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galeon.com/typepad/">the original</a> on 2009-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Legado británico en Valparaíso*, ed. Michelle Prain (Santiago: RIL Editores, 2011). ISBN 978-956-284-816-9.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberto Pérez Castro, “The South Pacific Mail,” Anglophone Chile, accessed October 25, 2024, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.anglophonechile.org/the-south-pacific-mail?lang=en">https://www.anglophonechile.org/the-south-pacific-mail?lang=en</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-british-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-british_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile">"Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile">Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html">Ingleses en Chile.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525085846/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html">Archived</a> 2017-05-25 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Chileans" title="Chileans">Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Araucanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cuncos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuncos">Cunco</a></li>

<li><a href="Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche</a></li>

<li><a href="Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a></li>

<li><a href="Moluche" title="Moluche">Moluche</a></li>

<li><a href="Pehuenche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pehuenche people">Pehuenche</a></li>

<li><a href="Picunche" title="Picunche">Picunche</a></li>

<li><a href="Puelche_people" title="Puelche people">Puelche</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aimara</a></li>

<li><a href="Atacama_people" title="Atacama people">Atacameño</a></li>

<li><a href="Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li>

<li><a href="Alacaluf_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alacaluf people">Kaweshkar</a></li>

<li><a href="Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechuas</a></li>

<li><a href="Qulla" title="Qulla">Qulla</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapanui</a></li>

<li><a href="Selk%CA%BCnam_people" title="Selkʼnam people">Selkʼnam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tehuelche_people" title="Tehuelche people">Tehuelche</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghan people">Yaghan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Immigration112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Chile">Austrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Basque_Chileans" title="Basque Chileans">Basque</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_belga_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración belga en Chile">Belgian</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Chileans" title="Scottish Chileans">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Chileans" title="Welsh Chileans">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Croatian_Chileans" title="Croatian Chileans">Croatian</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_checa_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración checa en Chile">Czech</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_Chileans" title="Dutch Chileans">Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Chileans" title="French Chileans">French</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Chileans" title="German Chileans">German</a></li>

<li><a href="Greeks_in_Chile" title="Greeks in Chile">Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarians_in_Chile" title="Hungarians in Chile">Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_Chileans" title="Irish Chileans">Irish</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_Chileans" title="Italian Chileans">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_Chileans" title="Polish Chileans">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_Chileans" title="Russian Chileans">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_Chileans" title="Spanish Chileans">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Swiss_Chileans" title="Swiss Chileans">Swiss</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Afro-Chileans" title="Afro-Chileans">African</a></li>

<li><a href="Americans_and_Canadians_in_Chile" title="Americans and Canadians in Chile">Americans & Canadians</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Lebanese_Chileans" title="Lebanese Chileans">Lebanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Argentines_in_Chile" title="Argentines in Chile">Argentines</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_armenia_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración armenia en Chile">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_boliviana_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración boliviana en Chile">Bolivian</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brasile%C3%B1a_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración brasileña en Chile">Brazilian</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_people_in_Chile" title="Chinese people in Chile">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_colombiana_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración colombiana en Chile">Colombian</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_dominicana_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración dominicana en Chile">Dominican</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_filipina_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración filipina en Chile">Filipino</a></li>

<li><a href="Haitian_Chileans" title="Haitian Chileans">Haitian</a></li>

<li><a href="Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_Chileans" title="Japanese Chileans">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Jewish</a></li>

<li><a href="Koreans_in_Chile" title="Koreans in Chile">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexican_immigration_to_Chile" title="Mexican immigration to Chile">Mexican</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_paraguaya_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración paraguaya en Chile">Paraguayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Peruvians_in_Chile" title="Peruvians in Chile">Peruvian</a></li>

<li><a href="Romani_diaspora#Chile" title="Romani diaspora">Romani</a></li>

<li><a href="Uruguayan_Chileans" title="Uruguayan Chileans">Uruguayan</a></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_venezolana_en_Chile" class="extiw external" title="es:Inmigración venezolana en Chile">Venezuelan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Category:Ethnic groups in Chile</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_British_diaspora403" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_British_diaspora403" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a></span></span> <a href="British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li>

<li><a href="English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English diaspora</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_people#Welsh_emigration" title="Welsh people">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">British diaspora in Africa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">China</a>

<li><a href="Britons_in_Japan" title="Britons in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Britons_in_Bangladesh" title="Britons in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Britons_in_India" title="Britons in India">India</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish-Indian">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_people_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British people in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Britons_in_Myanmar" title="Britons in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="British_migration_to_France" title="British migration to France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="British_migration_to_Germany" title="British migration to Germany">Germany</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="British_migration_to_Portugal" title="British migration to Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="British_migration_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="British migration to Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li>Sweden</li>

<li>Russia

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Russian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Russian">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Russians" title="Scottish Russians">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_Russians" title="Irish Russians">Irish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Expatriates_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#British" title="Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>

<li><a href="Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">Canada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Anglo-M%C3%A9tis" title="Anglo-Métis">Anglo-Métis</a></li>

<li><a href="Cornish_Canadians" title="Cornish Canadians">Cornish</a></li>

<li><a href="English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scotch-Irish_Canadians" title="Scotch-Irish Canadians">Scotch-Irish</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Canadians" title="Scottish Canadians">Scottish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Scots-Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Quebecer">Quebec</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Jamaica

<ul><li><a href="Scottish_Jamaicans" title="Scottish Jamaicans">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Britons_in_Mexico" title="Britons in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li>Nicaragua

<ul><li><a href="English_settlement_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="English settlement in Nicaragua">English</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_Americans" title="British Americans">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li>

<li><a href="English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">Old Stock Americans</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li>

<li><a href="White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestants" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestants">White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Celtic_Australians" title="Anglo-Celtic Australians">Australia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cornish_Australians" title="Cornish Australians">Cornish</a></li>

<li><a href="English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Australians" title="Welsh Australians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a>

<ul><li><a href="English_New_Zealanders" title="English New Zealanders">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_New_Zealanders" title="Welsh New Zealanders">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="British_Latin_American" title="British Latin American">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Argentina

<ul><li><a href="English_Argentines" title="English Argentines">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Argentine">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Brazil

<ul><li><a href="English_Brazilians" title="English Brazilians">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Brazilians" title="Scottish Brazilians">Scottish</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Chilean">Scottish</a></li>

<li><a href="Welsh_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Chilean">Welsh</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Paraguay

<ul><li><a href="English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_Uruguayans" title="British Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=British_Chileans&oldid=1304668905">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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